What kind of communication pattern does MQTT utilize?

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) utilizes a Publish/Subscribe messaging pattern, which is key to its design and functionality. In this model, clients (devices or applications) communicate through a central broker. Instead of sending messages directly to one another, clients publish messages to specific topics on the broker. Other clients subscribe to these topics to receive relevant messages.

This decoupling of the message producers and consumers allows for a more flexible and scalable communication framework. For example, multiple devices can subscribe to the same topic and receive updates without needing to establish direct connections with each other, facilitating efficient and real-time communication among a wide array of devices.

In contrast to the other options, which involve direct communication or fixed roles between communicating entities, the Publish/Subscribe model offers enhanced flexibility and scalability, making it well-suited for applications that involve numerous devices, such as those found in IoT environments.