What principle extends the need-to-know principle to system access?

The Principle of Least Privilege (POLP) is foundational in ensuring that users, systems, and applications have only the access necessary to perform their required functions. This principle extends the need-to-know concept by restricting permissions not only based on the sensitivity of information but also on the critical nature of system access. By minimizing the privileges granted, it reduces the possibility of accidental or malicious misuse of resources, thereby enhancing overall security.

In a practical setting, applying POLP means that users are granted access to only those resources required for their role, preventing them from accessing sensitive data or critical systems unnecessarily. This strategic limitation enforces stronger data protection practices and helps safeguard against potential threats or exploit attempts.

The alternatives do not effectively encapsulate the necessity for limiting access based on a user’s role or function as POLP does. Other principles like Maximum Rights or Open Access may advocate for broader access which conflicts with security needs, while User Transparency does not directly relate to access restrictions. Thus, the correct answer highlights essential security practices in access management and data protection.