Which of the following best describes authentication in network security?

Authentication in network security specifically refers to the process of verifying the identity of a user or a device. It ensures that the entity attempting to access the network or its resources is who they claim to be. Verification against a database typically involves checking credentials such as usernames and passwords, biometric data, or other identifying information against stored records to confirm authenticity.

This process is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data and systems, as it establishes a controlled environment where only authenticated users are granted access. As such, effective authentication methods can include multi-factor authentication and secure token systems, all designed to enhance security by thoroughly verifying identities before permitting network access.

The other options focus on different aspects of network security. For example, enforcement of access rights refers to the permissions assigned to users after successful authentication, and while important, it does not define the authentication process itself. Tracking user device activity is related to monitoring and auditing user actions within the network, which is a component of security but not a definition of authentication. Encryption of data packets involves securing data in transit but does not pertain to the process of verifying identities.