Which of the following is a characteristic of real-time monitoring?

Real-time monitoring is focused on the immediate detection and response to issues as they occur. Characteristic C, which highlights immediate action-taking upon issue detection, accurately captures the essence of this approach. In real-time monitoring systems, data is collected and analyzed continuously, allowing for prompt alerts and corrective measures whenever potential problems are identified. This instantaneous response capability is crucial in maintaining system integrity and security, as it minimizes the potential damage that could result from exploitation or failure.

While the other options may touch on related ideas, they do not embody the defining traits of real-time monitoring. Delays in reporting issues would contradict its purpose, while proactive analysis before issues arise pertains more to preventative measures rather than real-time responses. Focusing solely on historical data is characteristic of retrospective analysis and misses the active nature of real-time systems, which prioritize current situational awareness.