Which technology allows devices to connect wirelessly over short distances?

Bluetooth technology is specifically designed to enable wireless communication between devices over short distances, typically within a range of about 30 feet (10 meters). It is extensively used for connecting peripherals like headphones, keyboards, and smartphones without the need for physical cables.

Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency range and employs low power consumption, making it suitable for devices that require minimal energy use while still maintaining a reliable connection. It utilizes a series of protocols and profiles to facilitate various types of communication, allowing multiple devices to communicate simultaneously in a master/slave configuration.

This capability of establishing fast, peer-to-peer wireless connections is why Bluetooth is preferred for personal area networking and device interoperability in everyday electronics.

Other technologies listed, such as RFID, WiMAX, and Wireless Gateway, serve different purposes and are not primarily focused on short-range connectivity between consumer devices. RFID is more about object tracking and identification, WiMAX is designed for longer-range wireless broadband communications, and a wireless gateway typically serves as a bridge between wired and wireless networks, rather than facilitating direct device-to-device connections like Bluetooth does.