Which type of communication utilizes protocols like ZigBee or Z-Wave?

The type of communication that utilizes protocols like ZigBee or Z-Wave is primarily device-to-device communication. ZigBee and Z-Wave are wireless communication protocols specifically designed for low-power, low-data-rate applications within a personal area network, particularly ideal for smart home devices and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

These protocols enable devices to communicate directly with one another, allowing for seamless interaction and control without needing a central hub or internet connectivity. For example, smart light bulbs may communicate with motion sensors using ZigBee or Z-Wave, triggering actions based on certain conditions.

By focusing on direct communication between devices, these protocols enhance efficiency and responsiveness in automated environments, making it easier for smart devices to work together to provide integrated services. This characteristic fundamentally distinguishes device-to-device communication from other types, which may involve more complex networks or server-based interactions.